Indoor insect infestations can be difficult to control because of the close proximity of living areas, houseplants and food sources (such as stored produce). Insect killers can help homeowners treat and manage these pests without exposing family members, pets or home-grown plants to harsh chemicals. Insecticides come in a variety of forms and applications, from sprays to granules and powders. Some are formulated to be used inside the home, while others are best for treating the yard or garden.
The first step in selecting an insecticide is to decide what type of bug you are dealing with. There are many types of insects that can be found in and around the home, including ants, cockroaches, ticks, mosquitoes, fleas and crickets. Insecticides are designed to target specific bugs and may not be effective against other insects or organisms, such as birds, bees and fish. For this reason, it’s important to choose a specific insecticide that is rated for use against the pest you’re trying to eradicate and follow all label instructions.
Most household bug sprays are formulated with ingredients from the pyrethroid family of insecticides, which are synthetic compounds designed to mimic the natural oils in chrysanthemum flowers. When applied to an insect, pyrethroids affect the insect’s central and peripheral nervous systems by blocking certain nerve receptors. The insects become numb and lose coordination, leading to paralysis and death [source: National Pesticide Information Center].
For indoor use, powder or dust insecticides are often preferred, as they can be poured into cracks and crevices to treat the spaces where insects live. These formulations are typically less toxic than liquid sprays and are easy to mix, apply and clean up. They can also be used to kill insects in hard-to-reach places, such as behind baseboards or under sinks.
Depending on the type of bug you are trying to eradicate, you may want to consider other options for insect control, such as traps, gel baits or granules. In some cases, these alternatives are more effective than traditional sprays and are safer for the environment and beneficial insects.
When choosing an insecticide, you should also consider its longevity and how often it needs to be reapplied. Most insecticides are formulated to have an efficacy period of up to 2 years, although major infestations may require reapplication more frequently.
Some insecticides are formulated to protect against parasitic organisms as well as insects, such as mites and fungus. These products are usually called acaricides or fungicides, and can be helpful for managing ant colonies that have gotten out of hand or protecting houseplants from fungal diseases.
A DIY option for a natural insecticide is to make your own neem-oil insecticide by mixing two teaspoons of neem oil with a teaspoon of mild liquid soap and a quart of water. Neem-oil can be used to treat the interior and exterior of your home, as well as the yard and garden. The neem oil will work against a wide range of pests, including ants, fleas, ticks and some mosquitoes.